Researchers say changes in multiple neural networks can lead to increased addictive tendencies and negative behaviors
Young people with internet addiction show changes in brain chemistry that may lead to more addictive behaviors, research suggests. A study published in PLOS Mental Health reviewed previous research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain interactions in individuals with internet addiction.
The study found effects across multiple neural networks in young people’s brains, with increased activity in certain brain areas during rest. Conversely, there was a decrease in functional connectivity in the brain’s executive control network, which is responsible for memory and decision-making.
The research indicated that these brain changes led to addictive behaviors and tendencies in adolescents, as well as behavioral changes related to mental health, development, intellectual ability, and physical coordination.
The researchers reviewed 12 previous studies involving 237 individuals aged 10 to 19 who were formally diagnosed with internet addiction between 2013 and 2023.
A recent survey revealed that nearly half of British teenagers feel addicted to social media.
Max Chang, the study’s lead author and an MSc student at the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (GOS ICH), stated: “Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage during which people undergo significant changes in their biology, cognition, and personalities.”
As a result, the brain is particularly susceptible to internet addiction-related urges during this period, such as compulsive internet usage, cravings to use the mouse or keyboard, and media consumption.
“Our study’s findings indicate that this can lead to potentially negative behavioral and developmental changes that could impact adolescents’ lives. For instance, they may struggle to maintain relationships and social activities, lie about their online activity, and experience irregular eating and disrupted sleep.”
Chang expressed hope that the findings would demonstrate “how internet addiction alters the connection between brain networks in adolescence,” enabling the early detection and effective treatment of internet addiction signs.
He added: “Clinicians could potentially prescribe treatments targeting specific brain regions or recommend psychotherapy or family therapy to address key symptoms of internet addiction.
“Moreover, educating parents about internet addiction is a crucial preventive measure from a public health perspective. Parents who recognize the early signs and onset of internet addiction can better manage screen time, impulsivity, and minimize related risk factors.”
Irene Lee, a senior author of the research paper also based at GOS ICH, stated: “The internet offers certain advantages, but when it starts to interfere with our daily lives, it becomes a problem.
“We recommend that young people set sensible time limits for their daily internet use and remain aware of the psychological and social implications of excessive online activity.”